Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Negative Consequences of Gender Role Stereotyping

In our society today, men and women perform distinctly different roles which are based on nothing more than their biological gender. Although these roles do not hold true for each individual, the majority of people live out their lives in accordance with these extremely pervasive roles. Society tends to assign classes of social roles to male individuals and classes of social roles to female individuals (as society perceives their sexes). These gender roles limit what both males and females can and cannot do. Gender roles enslave individuals and force them to be what others want them to be. They are perpetuated and reinforced by the mass media and society in general many ways, some which are†¦show more content†¦There are four ways to be determined as being male, female, or both: the first is genitalia, females are determined by their clitoris and males by their penis; the second is gonads, females have ovaries and males have testes; third is their chromosomal sex (the 23rd p air), females have XX and males have XY; and the fourth determining factor is hormones, females have estrogen and males have androgen. The sex of a child is literally created. In the case of intersexuality, doctors remove body parts and use plastic surgery to create appropriate genitalia. Societal beliefs are reinforced by medical tradition of rendering intersexual births invisible, to make the child more socially suitable. Intersexuals are seen as being deviations from the norm and seen as people who need to be fixed in order to preserve a two-gender system, are also studied to prove how natural the system is to begin with (Fausto-Sterling, p. 74). Even though intersexual births occur with high frequency, medical technology attempts to render bodies male or female to insist they are either male or female are prevalent, rather than having the individual admit the social nature of their ideas about sexual differences. In many cases with intersexual children who have surgical operations to be male, it is not how his sex organ can function, but ratherShow MoreRelatedStereotyping : Stereotypes And Stereotyping1494 Words   |  6 PagesStereotyping In Education Stereotyping is when you treat people unfairly just because they have characteristics of a certain group (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In education stereotyping is something you come in touch with every single day, it is so common we don’t even know it is happening. In everyday life Stereotypes are used, they are directed towards ethnicity, gender, and education. â€Å"In ethnicity, we have the ideas that each race is a certain way† (Aronson. The impact of stereotypes). HereRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Four Young Boys 1520 Words   |  7 PagesIn American society, gender stereotypes and the topic of stereotypes remain a central focus of art and individual discussion. Rob Reiner addresses stereotypes in Reiner’s film Stand by Me when he sheds light on multiple stereotypes in society. Throughout the film, Gordon, Chris, Vern, and Teddy, the main characters in the movie, frequently describe each other with derogatory terms, which characterize stereotypes in American culture. In Reiner’s movie, the four young boys follow the stereotypes thatRead MoreThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. However, some psychologists have done some research on it, and from their researchRead MoreHow Women Are Portrayed On Advertising And The Second Looks At This Time1104 Words   |  5 Pagesseparate examinations on the role of humor in gender stereotypes. The first one is the role of humor seen in television advertisements and the second looks at peoples attitudes toward humorous and non-humorous ads that have gender stereotypes in them and how that would affect a persons desire to buy. There has been a lot of research done on the gender stereotyping, especially on advertisement and the affect it has on society. The results of previous research find that gender stereotypes reinforce s tereotypesRead MoreGender Secrecy : Sex And Gender1244 Words   |  5 PagesAalap Pandya Valorie Ebert ENC1102-8:00 am 4 September, 2014 Poisson First Draft Gender Secrecy Sex and gender are commonly misconstrued to mean the same thing. Which causes stereotypes and expectations to be created on the idea that they are one. The stereotypes and expectations are as follows; boys should be dirty and aggressive who love action figures and the color blue, who have to grow up and have high status roles in society so they can be successful. Girls, on the other hand, should be delicateRead MoreStereotyping Is Inevitable, By James Baldwin1717 Words   |  7 PagesStereotyping is inevitable, we all do it ad we all experience it, but this does not mean it does not effect us. Stereotypes are all around us. They effect the way we think about ourselves and the way we think about the people around us. Stereotyping leads us to act certain ways and treat people certain ways. At times it can be beneficial to a certain group, but may bring many disadvantages to others. Many times stereotypes limit us and restricting our success in life. In â€Å"A Letter to My Nephew,â⠂¬ Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article Reconfiguring Gender 1099 Words   |  5 Pages The concept of gender has been around for thousands of years, but what it means has changed throughout history. Unfortunately, the results of some of these long held beliefs about gender have perpetuated negative stereotypes that are not accurate. These views have formed into habits, subconscious judgments, which seem to be ingrained in many people after generations of reinforcement. Sullivan addresses in the article, â€Å"Reconfiguring Gender,† how to possibly transform gender for the better throughRead MoreMovie : 10 Things I Hate About You878 Words   |  4 Pages(Junger, 1999). movie trailer (s flicks, 2012) Thesis: Parents and age have a distinct influence on gender roles and schemas. Further, whether one conforms to gender roles or not, strongly influence peers perceptions, especially in adolescence, as portrayed by the movie 10 Things I Hate About You. Textbook connections: Gender Roles (Helgeson, 2012, p. 4-5) Bianca: conforms to traditional gender roles her room- a lot of pink, flowers has stuffed animals and dolls- sex-typed toys (Helgeson, 2012Read MoreStereotypes And Perceptions Of The Media Essay1917 Words   |  8 Pages Stereotypes in Media Ta’Kendra Elbert Indiana University  ¥ What is a stereotype that is used in the media? What are the consequences of those stereotypes? Use examples to illustrate your points. Support with research. The United States is often referred to as a â€Å"melting pot†; a place where people of all races, genders, and colors can live together and have the same opportunities. That sounds good, but it’s not always how things necessarily pan out. There are drawbacks that come fromRead MoreThe Role Of Gender Challenging Role Models1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of gender challenging role models in the classroom is a method I am going to use during my final professional practice and during my year as a Newly Qualified Teacher (NQT). I am going to use these demonstrate to both girls and boys that the media depiction of success is not accurate and that success can be measured in various ways. Role models such as Marie Curie, Dian Fossey and Mary Anning are good historical figures to use but children could see these as dull despite their achievements

Emilee Longo Resume Free Essays

Instructor or Administrator. I provide client services to the children’s parents addressing various needs and concerns. I follow-up with the client (parents) on all instances that occur and document them accordingly via data entry through the use of the company system. We will write a custom essay sample on Emilee Longo Resume or any similar topic only for you Order Now Handle the communications of the company on occasion in the role of a Telephone Representative and handled many calls on the days I was on phone duty. Personal Care Representative / Nursing Assistant February 2003 to July 2006 King Nursing Home – King, WI provided in-home personal care services to clients I was assigned by management. I addressed my clients needs and provided speedy acceptable resolutions. I documented all instances and correspondences via data entry through company system. I assisted special needs clients that could not take care certain functions on there own. Answered several phone providing resolutions for there needs while followed up with other calls that took additional details and investigation. How to cite Emilee Longo Resume, Papers

Racism of Media Against the Middle Eastern Countries

Question: Discuss about theRacism of Media Against the Middle Eastern Countries. Answer: Introduction Usually, the in our everyday life media has significant influence in order to make the perceptions on the Middle East countries. However, the reality is that the Middle East countries have the people from various ethnicities and cultural background who come from the various countries. The North American media for several years is adamant to refer the people from Middle East as Arab and willingly neglect the other fact history of the other races and culture. Besides this, the Middle East a vast area of the world and there are many different countries and the people of Middle East practice different religion apart from Islam as well as speak in various language other than the Arabic language (Alsultany, 2013). However, the western media have septic perceptions about the entire region, which are very stereotype as well misinterpret the people of the Middle East with incorrect data and information in respect of the religion and language of the Middle East people. For example there are ma ny people in Middle East who practice Christianity as well as there is non- Arabic country such as Iran, which is one of the largest nation of the Middle East and has different racial context and language. Unfortunately, the American media houses are not honest with the information they expose to the viewers in respect of the background of the Middle Eastpeople. Historically it has been depicted that North American media has always been misrepresenting the area in a very disrespectful manner. In regarding the cultures, it has been stereotyping the people with depicting the offensive comments and the behaviors. In addition to this, the drawing of the incorrect pictures regarding the way of living their lifestyle is provided to the viewer. For example, the media has seemed to be deceiving the individuals with the specific pictures that are showed to the viewer with the help of the news bulletins and thereby it provides the specific characteristics that are rich, uneducated, angry emotions at times and the way of wearing special cloths (Bakali, 2013). These kinds of images displayed through the media channels seem to be offensive and thereby it does not represent the Middle Eastern cultures and behaviors. In addition to this Hollywood is becoming a stereotype in the regions of the middle east such as Arab which indicates the negative way for ma ny years for many years and thereby due to these reasons the middle eastern actors seems to be playing major role in the terrorist and the religious close minded groups which depicts the primitive and the very evil people. Hollywood seems to be contributing in a bad way with representing the movie watchers depicting a bad idea about the Middle Eastern people treating their womens. It henceforth determines the disrespect to the females of the Middle Eastern regions due to the dances that are represented in the Hollywood movies which are the Fatima Dance, belly dancers which represents the seductions of the men that are viewed (el-Aswad, 2013). Unfortunately the American media insulted the region of the Middle Eastern region with consisting of one stereotype in this case is depicted. In this way the American media insulted the cultures of the Middle Eastern regions with viewing the specific characters and behaviors in front of media. The media of North America has been against the cultures and religions of Middle Eastern in racist way, where the big media organizations influence hate to Muslims and middle eastern in the tv shows and news and hire creators who have anti-Islam and anti Arab ideology which is clear in their discussions and shows where they use few actions to judge middle eastern. For instance, in Fox News an article was featured regarding terrorist attack by the Nigerian man in 2009, US where the guest of the show promoted the public for hate and fear towards the Middle Eastern because of the terrorist attack by the non middle eastern Muslim person and such case was used to justify the vicious claims and hate towards the middle east by showing the actions of few extremes to the whole world (Elseewi, 2015). Therefore, it was very clear that the media of North America starts to attack the middle east after the attack of terrorist in New York in September 11 , where islamophobia was promoted by media. The anti Arab competition was also promoted by media to the public. Many Middle Eastern community in America faced hate and discrimination because of the materials represented regarding Middle East and Islam in the movies and media which imposed a very negative impact on the people. Therefore, the media caused hate and fear towards middle eastern and Muslims where the hate cases and crimes against them statistically increased very high. References Alsultany, E. (2013). Arabs and Muslims in the Media after 9/11: Representational Strategies for a Postrace Era.American Quarterly, 65(1), pp.161-169. Bakali, N. (2013). Arabs and Muslims in the media: Race and representation after 9/11.Cult. and Ped. Inq., 5(1). el-Aswad, e. (2013). Images of Muslims in Western Scholarship and Media after 9/11.Digest of Middle East Studies, 22(1), pp.39-56. Elseewi, T. (2015). Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation after 9/11 by Evelyn Alsultany.Cinema Journal, 54(4), pp.165-168.

Monday, May 4, 2020

Hamlet compared to Ophelia Essay Example For Students

Hamlet compared to Ophelia Essay Melancholy, grief, and madness have enlarged the works of a great many playwrights,and Shakespeare is not an exception. The mechanical regularities of such emotionalmaladies as they are presented within Hamlet, not only allow his audience to sympathizewith the tragic prince Hamlet, but to provide the very complexities necessary inunderstanding the tragedy of his, ironically similar, lady Ophelia as well. It is the poorOphelia who suffers at her lovers discretion because of decisions she was obligated tomake. Hamlet provides his own self-torture and does fall victim to depression and grief,however, his madness is fictitious. They each share a commonconnection: the loss of a parental figure. Hamlet loses his father as a result of a horriblemurder, as does Ophelia. Her situation is more severe because it is her lover whomurders her father and all of her hopes for her future as well. Ultimately, it is also moreharmful to her character and causes her melancholy and grief to quickly turn t o madness. Critics argue that Hamlet has the first reason to be hurt by Ophelia because she followsher fathers wishes regarding Hamlets true intentions for their beginning love. In Act 3,Hamlet begins with his spiteful sarcasm toward her. I humbly thank you, well, well,well, he says to her regarding her initial bantering. (III, i, 101) Before this scene, he haslearned that the King and Polonius have established a plan to make reason of his unusualand grief-stricken behavior. Hamlet is well aware that this plan merely uses Ophelia as atool, and as such, she does not have much option of refusing without angering her fatherand the conniving King as well. Hamlet readily refuses that he cared for her. He tells herand all of his uninvited listeners, No, not I, I never gave you aught (III, i, 105). Somecritics stress, as does J. Dover Wilson, that Hamlet has a right to direct his anger toOphelia because even though many critics in their sympathy with Ophelia haveforgotten that it is not Hamlet who has repelled her, but she him (Wilson 159). But it ispossible that Wilson does not see the possible harm to Ophelia if she were to disobey theauthority of her father and the king.(i.e. her father and her king). She is undeniablycaught in a trap that has been layed, in part, by her lover whom she loves and idealizes. Her shock is genuine when Hamlet demands get thee to a nunnery (III, i, 131). Theimplication of the dual meaning of nunnery is enough itself to make her runmalcontented from her prince, and it is the beginning of her madness as well. Hamletsmelancholy causes and provokes him to show manic-depressive actions while Opheliasstate of mind is much more overwhelming andpainful. Shakespeare is ambiguous about the reality of Hamletsinsanity and depicts him as on the border, fluctuating between sanityand madness (Lidz 156). Hamlet mourns for his father, but it is thebitterness and ill-will that he harbors towards his mother for herhasty marriage to his uncle that is his most reoccur ring occupation. His thoughts of Ophelia are secondary at best. When it happens thatHamlet accidentally slays Polonius, he does not appear to be thinkingof the potential effect of his actions on Ophelia. Hamlet has sealedher fate, and along with the vacillations in his attitude andbehavior toward her could not but be extremely unsettling to the veryyoung woman who idolized him she does not have much in the way thatis positive for her (Lidz 157). Throughout the entire murder scene inAct 3, Scene! 4, Hamlet does not remark about the damage he has doneto Ophelia. His emotional upswing is devoted entirely to his mother,and while his emotions are not an imitation, he does admit that heessentially is not in madness,/ But mad in craft (lines 187-188). .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f , .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .postImageUrl , .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f , .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:hover , .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:visited , .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:active { border:0!important; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:active , .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6507b8bd93ef2c258504230c61381e2f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hearts and Minds Analysis EssayOphelia is then left to mourn her father, but it is not his death alonethat spurns her insanity. Her predicament is such that she is forcedto fear and hate her fathers murder who is also her lover and the oneperson to whom all of her future hopes were pinned -Prince Hamlet. Her entire orientation to the future has suddenly been destroyed, andwith her brother gone, Ophelia has no one to turn to for comfort (Lidz157). Hamlet then delves further into his manic feigned madness

Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Sample Essay For TOEFL Blogs

Sample Essay For TOEFL BlogsIn these times of high unemployment and increasing competition, writing sample essays for TOEFL or TOEIC is a very important skill. If you are in high school or college and you are having trouble writing a test, but are not sure how to begin, then you should consider writing a sample essay for TOEFL Blogs. You can find hundreds of different online test preparation sites that offer you tips and advice on the TOEFL, but there are also several websites that offer sample essays for TOEFL Blogs. This makes it easier for you to get a feel for the way the TOEFL is written before you take the actual test.The TOEFL is one of the most rigorous standardized tests you can take, and if you want to get into an institution, you need to be prepared for it. As such, many websites offer sample essays for TOEFL Blogs that you can use. They will usually provide you with answers to common questions, so you will know what to expect when you take the test.You can write the essay on your own, or you can have the company that offers the essay to help you out. They will check your answers and answer any questions that you may have. If you are on their mailing list, they will contact you regularly to keep you up to date on how you are doing.Even if you are an English major at your college or university, you can still take the TOEFL as a part of your degree program. The best part about the TOEFL is that you can take it any time. You don't have to wait until the end of the semester to take it, or even have classes during finals week. It is designed to be a regular part of your college experience, and can allow you to keep your education going while you make a living.When you sign up for these sites, you will be able to choose your topics, and you will get some added tips. The online essay for TOEFL Blogs is different from an actual essay, because it doesn't involve the traditional formatting of the essay. Many people write the sample essay for TOEFL Blogs on a c omputer or on a personal computer.Since you are writing on a personal computer, you may have a problem reading the essay if it is written on a tablet or on an iPhone. However, if you have the opportunity to sign up for a computer where you can take the test on, you should take it. If you do not have a computer with a proper screen resolution, then you can opt for the Kindle version, which you can download to read on your own time.As you look over the sample essay for TOEFL Blogs, you will notice that it is different than the traditional essay you see in college or university courses. Many websites offer different sample essay topics, but the TOEFL Blogs is the most popular. They have more than two hundred topics, and each site has many different topics of study that you may find useful.Make sure that you are doing everything that is required to complete the essay. If you think you may be having difficulty completing it, then you should try to find a site that offers sample essays fo r TOEFL Blogs before you begin. Taking the test is not as difficult as it might seem, and you should not lose out on valuable college credits just because you are struggling with it.

Sunday, March 29, 2020

The Most Effective Treatment For Anxiety Disorders Essays

The Most Effective Treatment For Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders are becoming a widespread epidemic in America. Each year we spend more than $46 billion dollars, nearly one third of our total mental health bill, treating the almost 20 million Americans affected by anxiety disorders. With these staggering numbers, it is no surprise that researchers and experts are examining many different forms of treatment in order to find more and better ways to diagnose and treat these debilitating disorders. The American Psychiatric Association states that no single situation or condition causes anxiety disorders. Rather, physical and environmental triggers may combine to create a particular anxiety illness. Psychoanalytic theory suggests that anxiety stems from unconscious conflicts that arose from discomfort during infancy or childhood. For example, a person may carry the unconscious conflict of sexual feelings toward the parent of the opposite sex. Or the person may have developed problems from experiencing an illness, fright or other emotionally laden event as a child. By this theory, anxiety can be resolved by identifying and resolving the unconscious conflict. The symptoms that symbolize the conflict would then disappear. Learning theory says that anxiety is a learned behavior that can be unlearned. People who feel uncomfortable in a given situation or near a certain object will begin to avoid it. However, such avoidance can limit a patient's ability to live a normal life. More recently, research has indicated that biochemical imbalances can be factors. Many scientists say all thoughts and feelings result from complex electrochemical interactions in the central nervous system. Moreover, some studies indicate that infusions of certain biochemicals can cause a panic attack in some people. According to this theory, treatment of anxiety should correct these biochemical imbalances. Although medications first come to mind with this theory, remember that studies have found biochemical changes can occur as a result of emotional, psychological or behavioral changes. No doubt each of these theories is true to some extent. A person may develop or inherit a biological susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Events in childhood may lead to certain fears that, over time, develop into a full-blown anxiety disorder. Dr. Rolland Bailey, D.O. states in a recent interview, "A variety of factors have been identified as possible causes of persistent anxiety. There is evidence it may be due to an imbalance of a chemical called serotonin n the brain. In people with anxiety disorders, it has been suggested that there is an excess of serotonin. Other chemicals may also be responsible for causing anxiety. Persistent anxiety has also been shown to run in families, indicating a possible hereditary influence. Stressful events may also be causes or triggers of anxiety. According to the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill several factors seem to contribute to the development of an anxiety disorder. Much new research suggests that these disorders both run in families and are the result of one's brain chemistry. Certain life experiences and one's general personality are also thought to influence the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder. As indicated by James Herbert, Ph.D. Program Director and Associate Professor of Psychology at Hahnemann University that while no one knows for certain what causes social phobia, the scientific research suggests that both biological and environmental factors are probably involved. People with social phobia have also been shown to have certain biases in their thinking. For example, they often exaggerate the risks and dangers of certain social situations. The treatment options are as varied as the number of professionals treating these disorders. The problem with treatment options for social anxiety disorders is that, unlike some other psychological problems, social anxiety is not well understood by the general public or by medical and mental health care professionals, such as doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists, social workers, and counselors. In fact, people with social anxiety are misdiagnosed almost 90% of the time. People with social phobia are often labeled as schizophrenic, manic-depressive, clinically depressed, panic disordered, and personality disordered, among other damaging misdiagnoses. Social anxiety disorders, like other mental illnesses, reflect dysfunction within the brain, according to Dr. Steven Hyman, "we are beginning to understand the specific circuits in the brain that underlie the different illnesses" (1). Most people experience feeling of anxiety before an important event, so what separates these

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Rise of Nzism in Germany essays

Rise of Nzism in Germany essays Germanys defeat in World War One created political, economic and social instability in the Weimar Republic and led to the rise of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) or Nazi party. The First World War placed increasingly heavy strains and sacrifices on the German people. The gap between the rich and poor widened and divisions between classes increased. It had direct effect on the workers living standard as earnings fell and food shortages grew. Food was sold on the growing black market but the prices were high and the poor could not afford to buy. This led to a crisis in the cities and as many as 700 000 died of hypothermia and starvation in the winter of 1916-17. In order to force the German people to bear the hardship of the war, chancellor Bethmann Hollweg promised political reform in a speech in the Reichstag in February 1917. This promise led to political unrest and an organised strike of 400 000 ammunition workers in Berlin, which threatened to cripple arms production. However, as long as the military held their dominant position and the possibility of victory remained, the prospects of reform seemed remote. After the chancellor was forced to resign in July 1917 military repression increased. There were severe restrictions on the right of assembly, stricter control of meetings to discuss grievances, a return to military service for striking workers and the banning of all anti-war material. In September 1918 the military effort suddenly collapsed. The allied powers, in particular President Wilson of the United States, demanded that Germany be transformed into a democracy. On November 1918 the SPD declared the abdication of the Kaiser and the birth of the new Weimar Republic. On 28 June 1919 the German government signed the Treaty of Versailles imposed on it by the victorious powers. Clause 231 blamed Germany for causing the war and vast majority of Germans rejected this. They blamed ...